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Peirce-Nichols House
The Peirce-Nichols House is a historic house museum located at 80 Federal Street in Salem, Massachusetts. Designed early in the career of noted Salem builder Samuel McIntire (1757–1811), and modified later by him, the building gives a unique view into the methods styles of McIntire. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973 for its significance as an early masterwork of one the country's first recognized master builders. It is now owned by the Peabody Essex Museum, which offers guided tours.
==History==
In about 1782, McIntire designed and built this house for Jerathmiel Peirce, a leatherworker turned merchant known in part for his part-ownership of the merchant ship ''Friendship'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Friendship of Salem )〕 who had purchased the land in 1779. The property he owned went all the way to the banks of the North River, where his ships tied up and he had a counting house. The house is known to have been completed by 1784, when city tax records show Peirce being assessed for a completed house. Peirce later suffered financial misfortune and was forced to sell the house. It was purchased by friends, who willed it to the children of George and Sally (Peirce) Nichols. The house remained in the Nichols family until 1917, when it was sold to the Essex Institute,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MACRIS inventory record for Peirce-Nichols House )〕 predecessor to the Peabody Essex Museum. It was opened to the public in the late 1930s after the last of the Nichols owners died.
McIntire patterned the design of the house fairly closely on patterns found in the ''Builder's Treasury'' of Batty Langley, published in 1740. As a result the house has late Georgian styling.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NRHP nomination for Peirce-Nichols House )〕 This was altered in some portions in 1801, when Peirce again hired McIntire to redo the hallway east parlor in preparation for the wedding of his daughter Sally to George Nichols. This area features the lighter Federal styling that was being popularized by architect Charles Bulfinch.〔
The house property was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1968,〔 cited as a particularly elegant example of late Georgian craftsmanship, and for its association with McIntire.〔 It is also a contributing element of Salem's Chestnut Street District.〔 The Peabody Essex Museum offers tours of the house.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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